The history of using leather and in fact animal skin goes back almost to the Stone Age after humans were able to use animal skin and use it to cover their living quarters, clothes, footwear, armor, etc. At that time, the hunter used the skin of every animal he hunted.
After the emergence of urbanization and the development of the leather industry, humans used the skin of different animals according to what was needed and it was possible to tan it to produce different products such as clothes, footwear, gloves, armor, water containers, hats, etc. and was able to meet some of his needs.
Today, leather has become a luxury product and many different products are produced from the leather of different animals all over the world. In Iran, cow, goat, lamb, buffalo, ostrich, horse and camel leather is usually used to produce clothes, shoes, bags, gloves, hats, leather accessories and dozens of other products. Of course, some other leathers such as alligator and crocodile leather, fish leather, snake leather and buffalo leather, etc., are special leathers that are relatively less used and are often imported, and high-quality and attractive and expensive products are produced from them.
Types of leather
Leathers are divided into three categories: light leather, semi-heavy leather and heavy leather.
Light leather:
Light leather is obtained from animals such as lamb, goat, goat whose skin is less dense and thinner. These leathers are used to produce jackets, gloves, hats and the like, and to a lesser extent to produce bags and shoes. These leathers are less durable and resistant compared to heavy leathers.
Light leather – sheep leather
Semi heavy leather:
This type of leather is made from the skin of animals that have relatively thick skin. Semi-heavy leather is produced from the skin of animals such as whales, crocodiles, alligators, lizards, and ostriches. Due to its difficulty and rarity, this type of leather is used in the production of luxury, luxurious and decorative products, and their prices are usually expensive.
Semi-heavy leather – ostrich leather
Heavy leather:
This type of leather is made from the skin of animals such as cows, calves, sheep, camels, horses, etc. The leather obtained from the skin of these animals is one of the best types of leather. And because of its strength, high resistance and durability, it is used in the production of shoe soles and uppers, car belts, safety shoes and boots, horse saddles and all kinds of bags.
All kinds of animal leather
cow leather
cow leather
Cow leather is one of the best types of leather. One of the most obvious features of cow leather is its durability and strength, and the reason for this is its dense fibers. Cow leather is obtained from tanned skin. Tannery requires special expertise and heart and has a direct impact on the quality of leather and the final product. Cow hide is generally between 6 and 8 mm thick. The high thickness of this leather limits its efficiency. For this reason, leather is cut into thin layers and different leathers are made from it. Each of these layers that become leather has its own use and price.
Full cow leather
Full cow leather, includes the modification of the cow hide completely and with all the texture of its upper part. In full cow leather, spots and wounds on the skin do not disappear. However, due to its high resistance, durability and durability, it is more popular and more expensive than other types of leather.
Elegant Leather or Shebro
Elegant leather is made from the highest layer of skin, ) top grain(. Elegant leather is classified as one of the best types of cow leather and it is considered very luxurious. This leather is of high quality and therefore its price is relatively high. In terms of appearance, it is very shiny and transparent, and when you touch it, you feel a soft and delicate surface. This leather has good flexibility. One side of this leather is smooth and shiny, and the other side, which is considered the back of the leather, is fluffy. To produce this cow leather, the smooth, uniform and stain-free part of the leather is separated, and after the tanning process, they spray paint on it and complete the dyeing process.
Flutter leather
Flutter leather or shrunk leather is obtained from the skin of animals such as cows (or goats). Due to the fact that floater leather is placed in special chemical solutions overnight after tanning, it has a higher degree of flexibility than other types of leather, and this makes the surface of floater leather very soft and smooth. There are small ridges on the floater leather that distinguish it from other leathers. This leather is a little thick and anti-wrinkle and anti-cracking. Flutter and elegant leather are very similar, but they also have differences. Elegant leather has a completely smooth and uniform surface, but Flutter leather has soft ridges, and by touching the surface of these two leathers, you will feel the difference. Flutter leather is a little thicker than elegant leather, and this has made it more durable. Elegant leather is more beautiful and shiny in terms of appearance, and besides being more popular, it has a higher price.
Milling Leather
Milling leather is a very soft and highly flexible leather made from tanned cow (and sheep) skin. One part of this leather is smooth and the other part is fluffy. This leather is produced from the outermost surface of the skin. Milling leather is almost like floater, with the difference that its design is finer and less embossed. Milling leather is less thick than floater leather and therefore softer and more flexible. Milling leather is completely anti-wrinkle and anti-crack. Milling leather is used to make a variety of products that require high durability and resistance. The most common use of this leather is to produce all kinds of bags and shoes for women and men.
Varnished leather
Lacquered leather or varnished leather is a beautiful and shiny leather. To produce varnished leather, the upper part of the leather is covered with a special varnish, which makes the leather shiny. The different and at the same time elegant appearance of varnished leather has made many fans of this type of natural leather. Although this leather is used to produce bags, belts, coats, etc., it is most commonly used in the shoe industry.
Varnished leather
Nubuck Leather
Nubuck is made from the modified outer layer of leather. Leather manufacturers polish the surface of nubuck leather. This factor makes the surface of this leather more velvety, smooth and beautiful, and you can feel very delicate fluff on it. It is completely matte in appearance and this makes the leather look more beautiful in different colors. This leather is more velvety, elegant and high-quality than split calf leather leather, and its price is more expensive than split calf leather and suede.
split calf leather
split calf leather is the bottom layer of leather, which after polishing and preparation, its surface becomes beautiful like velvet. Both sides of leather are piled and have longer piles than suede. This leather has high flexibility, it does not have a varnished surface, and it is quite affordable in terms of price.
split calf leather
Suede leather
Suede leather is made from the lower part of the cowhide that is attached to the meat of the animal, and its surface has a velvety, soft and delicate structure. Suede leather is much more flexible, softer and thinner than nubuck leather, but it is less durable and durable. In the past, suede leather was mostly used to make gloves. But now it is used in the production of bags, shoes, jackets, belts and other leather accessories.
Suede and split calf leather are different from each other. In terms of appearance, the bristles of suede are very short, soft and delicate, but the bristles of split calf leather are rough and thick. The density of suede leather fibers is higher than split calf leather and it is much softer and more flexible.
Sheep leather : coming soon ….
Sheep
Ostrich leather: coming soon …
ostrich
Alligator leather : coming soon ….
Alligator leather
crocodile leather : coming soon ….
crocodile
Snake leather : coming soon ….
Snake
fish leather : coming soon…..
fish leather
Horse leather : coming soon ….
Camel leather : coming soon…..
Buffalo leather : coming soon…..
Deer leather : coming soon…..